Living Things
All living organisms perform three VITAL FUNCTIONS:
- NUTRITION: Transform FOOD into NUTRIENTS to obtain ENERGY.
- INTERACTION: PERCIEVE external stimulus and REACT to them.
- REPRODUCTION: Produce new OFFSPRING.
- NUTRITION: Transform FOOD into NUTRIENTS to obtain ENERGY.
- INTERACTION: PERCIEVE external stimulus and REACT to them.
- REPRODUCTION: Produce new OFFSPRING.
Living things can be classified according to their size into: - MACROSCOPIC (we can see them) - MICROSCOPIC (we need a microscope to see them) |
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The CELL
All living things are made of cells. The cell is the smallest unit of life.
There are two types of cells: animal cell and plant cell.
There are two types of cells: animal cell and plant cell.
Living things can be:
- Unicellular: Living organisms with a single cell. Unicellular organisms can exist together in a colony but they do not function together.
- Multicellular: Living organisms which are made up of many different eukaryotic cells.
- Unicellular: Living organisms with a single cell. Unicellular organisms can exist together in a colony but they do not function together.
- Multicellular: Living organisms which are made up of many different eukaryotic cells.
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Cell organisation:
The Five Kingdoms:
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Animal kingdom
Plant kingdom
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Bacteria Kingdom
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Protista and algae kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
From individual to community
All individuals of the same species in an ecosystem form a population and all the different populations form a community. The community of living things and the abiotic factors form an ecosystem. Similar and close ecosystems form the different biomes. All the biomes together form the Biosphere.
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Living things interact with each other in order to survive. This realtionships can take place between members of the same species (intraspecific relationships) or between members of different species (interspecific relationships).
Intraspecific relationships: Interspecific relationships:
- REPRODUCTION. Individuals interact and breed. - PREDATION. One species feeds on the other.
- HUNTING/FEEDING. Hunting in packs. - PARASITISM. One species lives in/on the other.
- PROTECTION. Living in herds. - MUTUALISM. Both species are benefited.
- SYMBIOSIS. Both species need each other to survive.
Intraspecific relationships: Interspecific relationships:
- REPRODUCTION. Individuals interact and breed. - PREDATION. One species feeds on the other.
- HUNTING/FEEDING. Hunting in packs. - PARASITISM. One species lives in/on the other.
- PROTECTION. Living in herds. - MUTUALISM. Both species are benefited.
- SYMBIOSIS. Both species need each other to survive.
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Biodiversity is the variety of life forms on Earth. Human activity is endangering biodiversity. These are some threats for loss of biodiversity:
1. Loss of habitats.
2. Invasive species.
3. Pollution.
4. Overexploitation of species.
5. Climate change.
1. Loss of habitats.
2. Invasive species.
3. Pollution.
4. Overexploitation of species.
5. Climate change.